Quarks是一种并不常见的数据结构，至少我在开发过程中没有接触过。我是在学习GLib的过程中才看到的。按照官方文档的说法：

Quarks — a 2-way association between a string and a unique integer identifier.
Quarks are associations between strings and integer identifiers. Given either the string or the GQuark identifier it is possible to retrieve the other.

编程示例如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <glib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


int main(int argc,char **argv) {

    gchar *s=g_strdup("laozhang");
    GQuark x=g_quark_from_string(s);
    printf("quark of %s is %u\n",s,x);
    printf("string of quark %u is %s\n",
            x,g_quark_to_string(x));
    const gchar *ss=g_intern_string(s);
    printf("ss: %s\n",ss);
    printf("address of ss: \t%p\n",ss);
    printf("address quark: \t%p\n",
            g_quark_to_string(x));
    g_free(s);
    s=g_strdup("laoli");
    x=g_quark_from_string(s);
    printf("quark of %s is %u\n",s,x);
    printf("string of quark %u is %s\n",
            x,g_quark_to_string(x));


    return 0;
}

参考资料：

https://developer.gnome.org/glib/2.39/glib-Quarks.html